Xam Idea Chemistry CBSE Class 12 For 2022 Exam
Pdf Book Name: Xam Idea Chemistry CBSE Class 12 (Complete Course Book Term I & Term II) For 2022 Exam
Author: Xamidea Editorial Board
Publisher: VK Global Publications Pvt Ltd
ISBN-10, 13: 9356120188, 978-9356120181
Year: 2021
Pages: 647 Pages
Language: English
File size: 27 MB
File format: PDF,EPUB
Xam Idea Chemistry CBSE Class 12 (Complete Course Book Term I & Term II) For 2022 Exam Pdf Book Description:
Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea). Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices, calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell, point defects, electrical and magnetic properties. Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors. Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, Raoult’s law, colligative properties relative lowering of vapour pressure, elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, determination of molecular masses using colligative properties, abnormal molecular mass, Van’t Hoff factor.Redox reactions, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis and law of electrolysis (elementary idea), dry cell-electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, lead accumulator, fuel cells, corrosion. Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment), activation energy, Arrhenius equation.
The particles in solid are closely packed and held together by strong intermolecular forces. The building constituents have fixed positions and can only oscillate about their mean positions. They have definite shape and definite volume. The density of solids is high and they have low compressibility. In amorphous solids, the arrangement of building constituents is not regular but haphazard. They may have a short range order. Their melting points are not sharp. They are isotropic in nature, i.e., their properties such as mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, etc. are same in all directions. Examples: rubber, quartz glass, etc. : In crystalline solids, the arrangement of building constituents is regular throughout the entire three dimensional network. A crystalline solid has sharp melting point and is anisotropic in nature i.e., some of their physical properties such as electrical resistance or refractive index show different values when measured along different directions in the same crystal. It has a definite geometrical shape with flat faces and sharp edges. Examples: sodium chloride, quartz, etc.
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